{"id":1277,"date":"2023-07-14T01:02:53","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T17:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/?p=1277"},"modified":"2023-07-14T01:02:53","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T17:02:53","slug":"how-can-state-governments-mitigate-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/2023\/07\/14\/how-can-state-governments-mitigate-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"How Can State Governments Mitigate Climate Change?"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"entry-header penci-entry-header penci-title-left\">\n<div class=\"entry-meta penci-entry-meta\"><span class=\"entry-meta-item penci-byline\">by\u00a0<span class=\"author vcard\">Wayne Winegarden and Charles Ray <\/span><\/span><span class=\"entry-meta-item penci-posted-on\"><i class=\"fa fa-clock-o\"><\/i><time class=\"entry-date published updated\" datetime=\"2023-07-12T07:15:36-04:00\">July 12, 2023<\/time><\/span><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"entry-media penci-entry-media\">\n<div class=\"post-format-meta \">\n<div class=\"post-image penci-standard-format\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-penci-thumb-960-auto size-penci-thumb-960-auto wp-post-image\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; display: block;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?fit=960%2C641&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?w=1588&amp;ssl=1 1588w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=1200%2C801&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=480%2C320&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=280%2C186&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=960%2C641&amp;ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=599%2C400&amp;ssl=1 599w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?resize=585%2C390&amp;ssl=1 585w\" alt=\"Experts from the Pacific Research Institute and Foreign Policy Research Institute debate climate change mitigation strategies.\" width=\"960\" height=\"641\" data-attachment-id=\"30480\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/climate-change-mitigation\/thumb_climate-copy-min\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?fit=1588%2C1060&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1588,1060\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image design by Vinicius Tavares for DWF. All rights reserved.\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Image design by Vinicius Tavares for DWF. All rights reserved.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?fit=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Thumb_Climate-copy-min.jpg?fit=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"penci-wp-caption\">Image design by Vinicius Tavares for DWF. All rights reserved.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"penci-entry-content entry-content\">\n<h1><b><span lang=\"EN\">Are Electric Vehicle Mandates a Feasible Solution to Address Climate Change?<\/span><\/b><\/h1>\n<p>By\u00a0<strong>Wayne Winegarden<\/strong>,\u00a0<span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Sr. Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:449,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;10&quot;:1,&quot;11&quot;:4}\">Senior Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute<\/span>,\u00a0and\u00a0<b>Charles Ray<\/b>, Former U.S. Ambassador; Chair of the Africa Program, Foreign Policy Research Institute<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-30471\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=109%2C109&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 109px) 100vw, 109px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w\" alt=\"Experts from the Pacific Research Institute and Foreign Policy Research Institute debate climate change mitigation strategies. \" width=\"109\" height=\"109\" data-attachment-id=\"30471\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/?attachment_id=30471\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"400,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wayne Winegarden\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b><span lang=\"EN\">Positive Innovation Incentives Can Mitigate Climate Change<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>By Wayne Winegarden<b>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Sr. Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:449,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;10&quot;:1,&quot;11&quot;:4}\">Sr. Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute<\/span><\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Global climate change is a critical problem. But that does not mean any given policy implemented in its name is effective or creates a net benefit for society. Priority number one for state and local governments is recognizing this reality.<\/p>\n<p>The default response of many policymakers is to mandate outcomes regardless of their feasibility, costs, or whether they will meaningfully address global climate change.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.arb.ca.gov\/our-work\/programs\/advanced-clean-cars-program\/advanced-clean-cars-ii\">California\u2019s mandate<\/a>\u00a0that all new cars sold by 2035 be electric vehicles exemplifies this faulty approach. Electric vehicle (EV) mandates are strong on symbolism but technologically questionable, economically costly, and environmentally unsound.<\/p>\n<h3>Are the Costs Associated With EVs Worth the Benefits?<\/h3>\n<p>Technologically, whether it is the shortage of the necessary rare earth elements, lack of charging infrastructure, or physical limitations, EVs are not ready to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Perhaps they will one day but perhaps never. Even if EVs were ready, the electric grid is not, and it is unreasonable to assume that the current infrastructure can generate sufficient electricity to meet future demand.<\/p>\n<p>Economically, EVs are much more expensive than ICE vehicles. According to recent\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mediaroom.kbb.com\/2023-04-11-After-Nearly-Two-Years,-New-Vehicle-Transaction-Prices-Fall-Below-Sticker-Price-in-March-2023,-According-to-New-Data-from-Kelley-Blue-Book\">estimates<\/a>, the average price of a new EV is $58,940, which is more expensive than the $48,008 average price of a new gas-powered car. Simply put, EVs are not an affordable option for most Americans.<\/p>\n<p>Further, the claim that EVs are cheaper to operate is only correct if electricity is inexpensive. Accounting for other mandates, such as California\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.ca.gov\/sb100#:~:text=Senate%20Bill%20100&amp;text=Sets%20a%202045%20goal%20of,emit%20climate%2Daltering%20greenhouse%20gases.\">requirement<\/a>\u00a0that electricity generation be 100% renewable (e.g., wind and solar power) by 2045, it is unlikely that electricity will remain affordable (or reliable). The EV mandate will, consequently, worsen the affordability problems already afflicting too many families. Then there are the environmental concerns. Building the lithium-ion batteries that power EVs requires mining for rare earth elements. This production emits\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climate.mit.edu\/ask-mit\/how-much-co2-emitted-manufacturing-batteries\">more<\/a>\u00a0greenhouse gases (GHG) than the average gas-powered car. Coupled with the pollution created by rare earth mines, EVs are neither clean nor zero emission.<\/p>\n<p>From a broader policy perspective, the EV example demonstrates that every policy involves trade-offs. EVs release zero emissions while being used. However, they discharge more emissions to build, cost more, have performance limitations, and their production and disposal create environmental issues. Are EV costs worth the benefits? The answer is still unclear. But mandating EVs forces this technology solution on society regardless of the answer.<\/p>\n<h3>Focus on Market-Driven Incentives and Innovation<\/h3>\n<p>Instead of focusing on unrealistic government mandates, priority number two for state and local governments should be to develop incentives. They should implement policies that incentivize entrepreneurs and businesses to develop the desired innovations that reduce GHG emissions when measured on a lifecycle basis. The government can encourage the development of these innovations by providing broad-based, technologically-neutral incentives for entrepreneurs and businesses that produce and sell verified low-emission technologies.<\/p>\n<p>One potential incentive could be marginal tax rate reductions for qualified innovations. Consider New Jersey, which levies the country\u2019s highest corporate income tax rate. Combined with the federal tax rate, corporate income taxes take<a href=\"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/combined-federal-state-corporate-tax-rates-2022\/\">\u00a030% of New Jersey companies\u2019 profits<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If the profits from the sales of qualified low-emission technologies were exempted from federal and state corporate income taxes, the potential return for entrepreneurs developing the qualifying low-emission innovations would increase by nearly 43%. Such a major improvement in potential returns would incentivize more people to develop the desired innovations that will lower GHG emissions in an economically viable manner.\u00a0Innovators would only earn the income tax exemption if consumers purchased their products, which ensures that only low emission, market-valued innovations will benefit.<\/p>\n<h3>Mandates Are Not The GHG Solution<\/h3>\n<p>Potential incentives are not limited to corporate income taxes. Governments could offer property tax relief, regulatory preferences, and\/or preferred capital expensing benefits. The policy goal should be to increase the relative returns of the desired innovations comparable to other investment options. This increase would create the necessary incentives to encourage innovation among entrepreneurs and businesses.<\/p>\n<p>Current GHG mandates are merely symbolic gestures. What we truly need to address global climate change is innovation. The belief that policymakers in state capitols know which innovations will sustainably remake the entire U.S. energy infrastructure or that policymakers can mandate a desired technological revolution by casting a vote is wrongheaded. State and local governments can best address the problem of global climate change by empowering the ingenuity of millions of Americans to develop the necessary climate change advances.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-26281 perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 1.5em 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; display: inline; float: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647-300x300.jpeg?resize=108%2C108&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=480%2C480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=585%2C585&amp;ssl=1 585w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?w=666&amp;ssl=1 666w\" alt=\"Experts from the Pacific Research Institute and Foreign Policy Research Institute debate climate change mitigation strategies. \" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" data-attachment-id=\"26281\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/?attachment_id=26281\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=666%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"666,666\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;EMU.EDU_B&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 5D Mark III&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1556800035&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=666%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647-300x300.jpeg?resize=108%2C108&amp;ssl=1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=480%2C480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=585%2C585&amp;ssl=1 585w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?w=666&amp;ssl=1 666w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b><span lang=\"EN\">Mitigating Climate Change Requires a Holistic Approach<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>By\u00a0<b>Charles Ray \u2013 Former U.S. Ambassador; Chair of the Africa Program, Foreign Policy Research Institute<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Climate change is an existential threat with the potential to have catastrophic effects on the habitability of the planet. Continued inaction in addressing the factors driving climate change, such as greenhouse gas emissions, risks triggering<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/10\/climate-tipping-points-could-lock-in-unstoppable-changes-to-earth\/\">\u00a0tipping points<\/a>\u00a0that will irreversibly changes in the planet\u2019s climate. Some tipping points, such as sea-level rise, will become permanent even if all emissions are ended. Researchers are already seeing disturbing changes, such as the rate at which Greenland\u2019s ice sheet is melting and the amount of carbon emitted from the Amazon\u2019s deforestation is occurring well before the predicted 1.5 degree Celsius\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2022\/05\/1117842\">increase<\/a>\u00a0in average global temperature is reached.<\/p>\n<p>There is no one action or law that can effectively address the mitigation of climate change. Instead, we need to take a creative and holistic approach to the problem, recognizing that crossing a tipping point threshold in one part of the climate system can very well impact another tipping element.<\/p>\n<h3>Long-Term Savings Of EVs Outweigh Internal Combustion Vehicles<\/h3>\n<p>The California case offers an example of the need to approach the issue holistically. In 2022, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) approved a<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.arb.ca.gov\/news\/california-moves-accelerate-100-new-zero-emission-vehicle-sales-2035#:~:text=The%2520rule%2520establishes%2520a%2520year-by-year%2520roadmap%2520so%2520that,set%2520out%2520in%2520Governor%2520Newsom%25E2%2580%2599s%2520Executive%2520Order%2520N-79-20.\">\u00a0roadmap<\/a>\u00a0that all new cars and light trucks sold in the state will be zero-emission vehicles by 2035, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs). Other states have also established targets to phase out internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. However, California\u2019s law, which is under review by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.autoblog.com\/2023\/05\/24\/california-gas-car-ban-epa-approval\/\">EPA<\/a>, is the most aggressive to date.<\/p>\n<p>Not surprisingly,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/08\/26\/climate\/california-electric-gasoline-car-ban-enforcement.html\">\u00a0pushback<\/a>\u00a0to the ICE phase-out is expected from the fossil fuel energy industry. The big hurdle to its effective implementation, though, will come from consumers. In a 2022<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.arb.ca.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/barcu\/regact\/2022\/accii\/isor.pdf\">\u00a0report<\/a>, CARB reported that many people opposed EVs because of the high costs, limited charging stations, and lack of familiarity with the technology.<\/p>\n<p>Overcoming these potential hurdles will require federal and state governments to implement broad public information campaigns about the benefits of moving from ICE to EV. As Mr. Winegarden notes, EV initial purchase costs are higher than ICE. However, as the manufacture and sales of EVs increase, the average price is likely to<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/insights\/focus\/future-of-mobility\/electric-vehicle-trends-2030.html\">\u00a0decrease.<\/a>\u00a0Volkswagen predicts EV prices will reach<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnet.com\/roadshow\/news\/volkswagen-ev-ice-sales\/\">\u00a0parity<\/a>\u00a0with ICE by 2025. BloombergNEF\u2019s head of advanced transport thinks they could be<a href=\"https:\/\/about.bnef.com\/blog\/the-ev-price-gap-narrows\/\">\u00a0cheaper<\/a>\u00a0by 2026.<\/p>\n<p>The purchase price, however, is not the only cost of owning a vehicle that consumers must be concerned with. The costs for fuel and maintenance, for example, can be significant over time. According to Car and Driver, \u201cThe\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caranddriver.com\/research\/a32781943\/electric-cars-vs-gas-cars\/\">EPA<\/a>\u00a0estimates that the electric Kia EV6, for instance, would cost $550 to fuel over a year while the gas-powered Kia K5 would cost $1,950 to fuel\u2026 based on driving 15,000 miles per year and current fuel and electricity prices.\u201d This data assumes that all charging happens at home, which is substantially cheaper. If all charging occurs at public fast-charging facilities (an unlikely scenario), the EV fuel cost will increase to $1,850 per year, almost equal to gas-powered ICE, assuming no increases in gas prices. Because electric motors require less routine care than gasoline engines, the cost to maintain an EV over five years is around one third of the cost to maintain an equivalent gas-powered car.<\/p>\n<p>While<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/edmonton\/rare-earth-minerals-elements-alberta-canada-climate-change-environment-1.6558991\">\u00a0rare-earth mining<\/a>\u00a0to obtain the elements for the production of EVs does have a negative climate impact, so does fossil<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2021\/10\/1103472\">\u00a0fuel<\/a>\u00a0extraction. Regardless of the substance being mined for, companies must be required to take action to minimize environmental degradation. More government oversight of the mining process can also reduce environmental harm.<\/p>\n<h3>A Multifaceted Approach Is Required<\/h3>\n<p>As far as consumer demand is concerned, in the short term, there\u2019s probably little that federal or state governments can do in a car-centered culture like the United States. Expanding public transportation in urban and rural areas and lowering the cost of individual EVs in the short term might dampen the use of personal vehicles. There will be objections to ICE bans, but the availability of public transport can help address opposition. Since transportation accounts for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/topics\/transport\">37%<\/a>\u00a0of global carbon emissions, increased public transportation could help reduce emissions.\u00a0Government can also help the transportation sector transition to producing cleaner, more environmentally friendly means of transportation.<\/p>\n<p>The government needs to make mass transit more convenient and available and incentivize its use. And it must incentivize the power generation and transportation sectors to reduce their carbon footprints and create a plan to remove legacy ICE from use. The business sector must devote more resources to the transition to green energy and focus less on profit maximization. Individuals need to take action to reduce carbon-emitting consumption in our households and lifestyles. This is especially true of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/en\/press-releases\/carbon-emissions-richest-1-percent-more-double-emissions-poorest-half-humanity\">1%<\/a>\u00a0richest of the global population which accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions than the poorest 50%.<\/p>\n<p>The use of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/science\/causes-effects-climate-change\">\u00a0fossil\u00a0<\/a>fuels causes over 75% of greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90% of carbon dioxide emissions. Efforts to mitigate the dangers of climate change and global warming must be multifaceted and innovative. Emissions come from power generation, manufacturing, deforestation, transportation, food production, and individual consumption. Each of these areas has to be addressed if we\u2019re to have effective mitigation.<\/p>\n<p>No single piece of legislation will do, nor can a single agency or institution achieve the level of mitigation that would make a difference. This is not to argue that legislation, including the current California legislation, is unnecessary. It\u2019s just that more is required from government, the corporate sector, and private individuals. Mitigating climate change is key to human survival, and it is incumbent on everyone to do their part.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-30471 perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=110%2C110&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w\" alt=\"\" width=\"110\" height=\"110\" data-attachment-id=\"30471\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/?attachment_id=30471\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"400,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wayne Winegarden\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=110%2C110&amp;ssl=1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b><span lang=\"EN\">Addressing Climate Change Requires Creative Thinking<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong>By Wayne Winegarden<b>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Sr. Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:449,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;10&quot;:1,&quot;11&quot;:4}\">Sr. Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute<\/span><\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We agree that creative thinking is the\u00a0<em>sine qua non<\/em>\u00a0for addressing global climate change. However, Mr. Ray\u2019s approach is unable to cultivate the necessary creativity. Mandates and subsidies discourage the innovation and free thinking required to usher in a more sustainable and prosperous future.<\/p>\n<p>Government education campaigns that tout the supposed benefits of alternative energy are the antithesis of creativity. They\u2019re akin to an education campaign touting the benefits of a BlackBerry device prior to the introduction of the iPhone. EVs and the technologies behind wind and solar power are remarkable. But like BlackBerrys, they have limitations. The difference is that the limitations of alternative energies can harm people and the environment.<\/p>\n<p>Locating solar power generation in the desert where sufficient electricity can be generated often kills wildlife and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.realclearinvestigations.com\/articles\/2020\/07\/16\/across_us_green_mega-projects_to_power_cities_arent_playing_in_podunk_124456.html\">damages the environment<\/a>. Offshore wind turbines, the most efficient but highest-cost wind technology, harm coastal marine ecosystems. Both technologies require hundreds of billions of dollars of new infrastructure investments to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity.<\/p>\n<p>More disconcerting, by forcing consumers to purchase the figurative BlackBerry devices of the alternative energy industry, the mandates discourage the creation of alternative energy\u2019s version of the far superior smartphone technology. These innovations, which don\u2019t yet exist, are necessary to address climate change without impoverishing millions of American families.<\/p>\n<p>Governments cannot mandate technologies that haven\u2019t yet been invented into existence. But requiring that consumers use more expensive, less reliable energy systems can stymie the creativity necessary to sustainably address global climate change.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-26281 perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 1.5em 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; height: auto; max-width: 100%; display: inline; float: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647-300x300.jpeg?resize=110%2C110&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=480%2C480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=585%2C585&amp;ssl=1 585w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?w=666&amp;ssl=1 666w\" alt=\"Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647\" width=\"110\" height=\"110\" data-attachment-id=\"26281\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/?attachment_id=26281\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=666%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"666,666\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;EMU.EDU_B&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 5D Mark III&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1556800035&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=666%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647-300x300.jpeg?resize=110%2C110&amp;ssl=1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=480%2C480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=585%2C585&amp;ssl=1 585w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?w=666&amp;ssl=1 666w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Creative Approaches Require Positive Thinking<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>By\u00a0<b>Charles Ray \u2013 Former U.S. Ambassador; Chair of the Africa Program, Foreign Policy Research Institute<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I find myself agreeing in large part with Mr. Winegarden\u2019s position, but I\u2019m not totally convinced. He is right in his assertion, for instance, that solar installations and offshore wind turbines can cause environmental harm. But he fails to mention the damage to the environment resulting from the production of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/stories\/fossil-fuels-dirty-facts\">fossil fuels<\/a>, such as the air and water pollution from fracking and the destruction of ecosystems from coal mining. There is also the damage to marine ecosystems from oil spills. In 2010, the oil drilling rig\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/enforcement\/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill\">Deepwater Horizon<\/a>\u00a0exploded and sank in the Gulf of Mexico. Eleven workers died and 4 million barrels of oil spilled from the damaged well before it was capped. Rare earth mining, like any other mining, can harm the environment. Yet, some harm can be mitigated with\u00a0effort and government urging.<\/p>\n<p>The government\u2019s public education programs relating to climate are sometimes less than effective. Rather than ignore or abandon them, state and federal governments need to work on improvements to counter the decades of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/nov\/18\/the-forgotten-oil-ads-that-told-us-climate-change-was-nothing\">anti-climate change<\/a>\u00a0messaging from the fossil fuel industry. This communication has moved from outright denial of climate change to efforts to confuse the public about the climate crisis and its solutions. Mitigating climate change requires not just creative thinking but also positive thinking. It\u2019s not a problem that will be solved overnight, but negativity can cause us to dither and delay until it\u2019s too late.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<hr \/>\n<p><i data-stringify-type=\"italic\">If you enjoyed this article, please make sure to like, comment, and share below. You can also read more from our All Politics is Local series\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/category\/all-politics-is-local\/\">here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"molongui-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"mab-4511266249\" class=\"m-a-box \" data-plugin-release=\"4.5.3\" data-plugin-version=\"lite\" data-box-layout=\"slim\" data-box-position=\"below\" data-multiauthor=\"true\" data-authors-count=\"2\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-container\n                molongui-border-none                molongui-border-style-solid                molongui-border-width-3-px\n                m-a-box-shadow-none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-tab m-a-box-content m-a-box-profile\" data-profile-layout=\"layout-1\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-profile-multiauthor\" data-author-type=\"guest\" data-author-ref=\"guest-30469\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-content-top\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-content-middle\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-avatar \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"m-radius-circled molongui-border-style-solid molongui-border-width-1-px wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" data-attachment-id=\"30471\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/?attachment_id=30471\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"400,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wayne Winegarden\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?fit=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wayne-Winegarden-min.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-social \">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-social-icon m-a-list-social-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-data \">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-title\">\n<h5 class=\"molongui-font-size-15-px\n\t        molongui-text-align-left                        molongui-text-case-none\"><span class=\"molongui-font-size-15-px molongui-text-align-left\">Wayne Winegarden<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-meta\n            molongui-font-size-10-px\n            molongui-text-align-left                        molongui-text-case-none\">Sr. Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute\u00a0<span class=\"m-a-box-meta-separator\">|<\/span>\u00a0<a class=\"m-a-box-data-toggle\"><span class=\"m-a-box-string-more-posts\">+ posts<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-bio\">\n<div class=\"molongui-font-size-11-px molongui-text-align-justify  molongui-line-height-10\">\n<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Dr. Winegarden is a Sr. Fellow in Business and Economics with the Pacific Research Institute and the Principal of Capitol Economic Advisors. His research examines the economic implications from regulatory, fiscal, health, and energy policies. Dr. Winegarden\u2019s editorials have been published in outlets such as USA Today, the Wall Street Journal, Investor's Business Daily, and the Hill. Dr. Winegarden received his Ph.D. in Economics from George Mason University.&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:961,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;10&quot;:1,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;12&quot;:0}\">Dr. Winegarden is a Sr. Fellow in Business and Economics with the Pacific Research Institute and the Principal of Capitol Economic Advisors. His research examines the economic implications from regulatory, fiscal, health, and energy policies. Dr. Winegarden\u2019s editorials have been published in outlets such as USA Today, the Wall Street Journal, Investor&#8217;s Business Daily, and the Hill. Dr. Winegarden received his Ph.D. in Economics from George Mason University.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-related\" data-related-layout=\"layout-1\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-content-bottom\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-profile-multiauthor\" data-author-type=\"guest\" data-author-ref=\"guest-26280\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-content-top\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-content-middle\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-avatar \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"m-radius-circled molongui-border-style-solid molongui-border-width-1-px wp-post-image perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; height: auto; max-width: inherit !important; border-radius: 50% !important; display: block;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?w=666&amp;ssl=1 666w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=480%2C480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=585%2C585&amp;ssl=1 585w\" alt=\"Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" data-attachment-id=\"26281\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/dividedwefall.org\/?attachment_id=26281\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=666%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"666,666\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;EMU.EDU_B&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 5D Mark III&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1556800035&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Ray Charles official photo e1644701846647&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=666%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?fit=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?w=666&amp;ssl=1 666w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=70%2C70&amp;ssl=1 70w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=480%2C480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=280%2C280&amp;ssl=1 280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dividedwefall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Ray-Charles-official-photo-e1644701846647.jpeg?resize=585%2C585&amp;ssl=1 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-social \">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-social-icon m-a-list-social-icon\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-social-icon m-a-list-social-icon\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-social-icon m-a-list-social-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-data \">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-title\">\n<h5 class=\"molongui-font-size-15-px\n\t        molongui-text-align-left                        molongui-text-case-none\"><span class=\"molongui-font-size-15-px molongui-text-align-left\">Charles Ray<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-meta\n            molongui-font-size-10-px\n            molongui-text-align-left                        molongui-text-case-none\">Former U.S. Ambassador; Chair of the Africa Program, Foreign Policy Research Institute\u00a0<span class=\"m-a-box-meta-separator\">|<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"m-a-box-string-web\">Website<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"m-a-box-meta-separator\">|<\/span>\u00a0<a class=\"m-a-box-data-toggle\"><span class=\"m-a-box-string-more-posts\">+ posts<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-bio\">\n<div class=\"molongui-font-size-11-px molongui-text-align-justify  molongui-line-height-10\">\n<p>Charles Ray retired from the US Foreign Service in 2012 after a 30-year career. Prior to joining the Foreign Service, he spent 20 years in the US Army. During his 30 years in the Foreign Service, he was posted to China, Thailand, Sierra Leona, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Zimbabwe. He served as deputy chief of mission in Sierra Leone, was the first US consul general in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and served as ambassador to Cambodia and Zimbabwe. Since his retirement from public service in 2012, he has been a full-time freelance writer, lecturer, and consultant, and has done research on leadership and ethics. He is the author of more than 200 books of fiction and nonfiction. Ray is a trustee and chair of the Africa Program of the Foreign Policy Research Institute.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by\u00a0Wayne Winegarden and Charles Ray July 12, 2023 Image design by Vinicius Tavares for DWF. All rights reserved. Are Electric Vehicle Mandates a Feasible Solution to Address Climate Change? By\u00a0Wayne Winegarden,\u00a0Senior Fellow, Business and Economics, Pacific Research Institute,\u00a0and\u00a0Charles Ray, Former U.S. Ambassador; Chair of the Africa Program, Foreign Policy Research Institute Positive Innovation Incentives Can &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/2023\/07\/14\/how-can-state-governments-mitigate-climate-change\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;How Can State Governments Mitigate Climate Change?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[177],"tags":[228,227,229,230,231],"class_list":["post-1277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","tag-climate-change","tag-divided-we-fall","tag-electric-vehicles","tag-government","tag-state-governments"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8YXbm-kB","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1277"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1278,"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277\/revisions\/1278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/charlesray-author.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}